中国智慧和中国方案 ：就业优先的阶段性内涵与生发机制

作为中国特色的经济社会战略名词，就业优先惟有明晰其阶段性和针对性才能充分彰显中国智 慧和中国方案的魅力。结合低中高收入水平及其各自所处阶段的发展均衡陷阱，以反贫困、反对不平等、实现 充分就业与体面就业等阶段性主要任务为媒介，可探究就业优先的阶段性内涵与生发机制。总体上就业优先的 内涵变迁可拾级而上形成三个阶段，即努力实现市场化就业优先的低等水平就业，追求就业数量优先的中等水 平就业，致力于就业质量优先的高等水平就业。就业优先由低到高的三个阶段性内涵依次对应收入水平的低等、 中低等、中高等不同阶段，但并非绝对。进入中国特色社会主义新时代，更要坚持就业优先战略，并把握好就 业质量优先这一新的阶段性内涵，进一步推动相关领域的深化改革。     

What Factors Influence the Intentions of Individuals to Engage in Tax Evasion? Evidence from Ghana

ABSTRACT

This study examines the views of students on the ethics of tax evasion, their intentions to evade tax, and investigates the factors that predict such intentions. Relying on the extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the study investigated whether attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and moral obligation may be good predictors of the intention to evade tax. Data were gathered from 662 students of University of Ghana Business School using questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modelling technique. Results indicate that the intention to evade tax among the students is low and most respondents generally perceive tax evasion as an unethical practice. The results also demonstrate that attitude, subjective norms and moral obligations have important implications on the intention to evade tax. The evidence we provide should be useful to governments and tax agencies interested in promoting responsible tax compliance behaviour among individual taxpayers.     

钢结构交错桁架的应用及抗火性能研究简述

钢结构交错桁架体系是一种经济、实用、高效的建筑结构体系,本文对交错桁架的结构特点及其在国内外的应用进行了介绍,对钢结构交错桁架体系在火灾作用下的力学特性进行了初步地探讨,提出了一些钢结构交错桁架体系抗火设计方面有用的建议。     

创设海关法院：现实与可能

为适应加入世贸组织的新形势 ,我国应建立与对外贸易相协调的专门海关法院。借鉴美国海关法院制度的经验 ,创设适应社会主义市场经济体制要求的中国海关法院制度 ,对扩大改革开放、促进国际贸易意义重大。     

An Analysis of the Joint Board or County Model as the Structural Basis for Effective Australian Local Governance

Australian policy‐makers continue to rely on municipal amalgamation as the main engine of structural reform in local government, despite strong evidence that it diminishes participation and representation without improving service efficiency. Several promising, but neglected alternative models of structural reform have been developed, including ad hoc resource sharing models, Regional Organisations of Councils, virtual local government, and agency models. In an encouraging response to the recent policy of enforced council amalgamations in NSW, the Shires Association of NSW (2004) has recently proposed a ‘Joint Board model’ of local governance and invited comment on this model. This article takes up this challenge and seeks to place the Joint Board model in conceptual context and evaluate its characteristics and simulated cost savings.     

论我国结构性失业问题的成因及政策分析

结构性失业将成为我国入世后的主要失业形式。本文在对引起结构性失业问题的成因及相关数据进行分析的基础上,着重从减少劳动力供给、增加劳动力需求、协调地区之间经济发展、调整产业结构、大力发展第三产业、实现经济快速健康稳定增长、农村剩余劳动力的转移几个方面对我国当前解决结构性失业问题的政策进行探讨,力图寻找解决我国结构性失业问题的制度和对策。     

A Test of Generalizability of the Social Development Model Across Gender and Income Groups with Longitudinal Data from the Elementary School Developmental Period

The social development model (SDM) is a theory of behavior that has proven useful in explaining the etiology of delinquency, violence, and substance use among adolescents as well as early antisocial behavior among pre-adolescents. A further test of the model is its generalizability across population groups. A section of the SDM representing prosocial influences in the etiology of problem behavior was compared for boys and girls and for children from low- and non low-income families using three waves of child, parent and teacher survey data on a sample of 851 elementary school students. Multiple group structural equation modeling was used to assess differences across groups in both measurement of model constructs and hypothesized structural paths between constructs. The results indicate overall similarity in the reliability of measurement models and validity of structural models.     

传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株结构蛋白基因部分片段的表达

根据已报道的传染性支气管炎病毒S基因序列设计了1对引物,利用从传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株中提取的RNA,经PCR扩增获得了300 bp的产物;序列测定与分析表明,所扩增产物是传染性支气管炎病毒结构蛋白基因的部分片段。将扩增片段插入pET32a构建表达载体,并于大肠埃希氏菌BL21中进行表达;结果表明,该片段在大肠埃希氏菌中成功表达,产物为30 ku、以可溶性形式存在的蛋白。Western-blotting分析表明,该蛋白可与传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株阳性血清发生反应。     

东北亚区域分工协作的走向——日本产业结构调整意图评析

中国经济高速增长 ,使东北亚日益成为世界关注的焦点 ,作为发达国家的日本 ,其经济和产业结构调整必然会对该地区的分工协作的发展产生重要影响。 1997年东南亚金融危机过后 ,除日本以外 ,东北亚各国和地区受贸易和投资的牵引 ,经济获得了较快的恢复和发展 ,贸易与投资格局也发生了变化。东北亚各国和地区具备开展分工协作的坚实基础 ,但同时也面临着诸多困难和障碍。作为东北亚惟一的发达国家日本 ,也正在积极推进产业结构调整 ,力争在今后本地区的分工协作中掌握主导权 ,但发展的现实和趋势说明 ,日本的这一企图是徒劳的     

犬细小病毒JL-(18)1/Beagle株的分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

为研究犬细小病毒(CPV)流行株遗传变异情况,本研究从吉林省某比格犬养殖场采集疑似CPV感染致死犬的肠道组织,将病料接种至F81细胞进行病毒分离,并通过电镜形态学、PCR、血凝试验及动物回归试验进行鉴定。结果显示,所分离的这株病毒在F81细胞中产生了典型CPV细胞病变(CPE);在电镜下可见病毒呈无囊膜、直径为20 nm左右的病毒粒子;PCR鉴定证实CPV核酸呈阳性;血凝试验表明此病毒对猪红细胞具有凝集作用,血凝效价为1∶256;将这株病毒命名为JL-(18)1/Beagle。动物回归试验表明,JL-(18)1/Beagle使比格犬产生犬细小病毒感染的典型临床症状;以NS1基因进行遗传进化分析显示,JL-(18)1/Beagle与CPV-2c型分离株CPV-SH1516以及Canine/China/23/2017 NS1基因亲缘关系较近,而核苷酸相似率为100%;以VP2基因进行遗传进化分析显示,JL-(18)1/Beagle与New CPV-2b型CPV/CN/JL3/2013、CPV/CN/HB1/2013和CPV/CN/JL6/2013亲缘关系较近,核苷酸相似率为99.89%~99.94%;以VP2蛋白氨基酸进行序列分析表明,JL-(18)1/Beagle属于New CPV-2b型,与近期吉林CPV分离株相比,关键氨基酸位点无明显变化。因此,本试验从吉林省比格犬肠组织中分离到1株New CPV-2b型CPV毒株。